If Abandon Conditional Green Card Can I Apply Again

Conditionals, If-sentences, The Subjunctive.

Past Simple

Vocabulary: Environmental and surroundings. Issues of big cities.

Grammar: Conditionals, If-sentences, The Subjunctive.

Содержание темы

  1. Types of Conditionals.
  2. Mixed Conditionals.
  3. Other tenses in conditional sentences.
  4. The Subjunctive.
  5. Nowadays and past reference with 'I wish', 'if only' and 'information technology's (high) time'.
  6. Expressing wishes and regrets with 'I wish' and 'if only.
  7. 'Would' and 'could' after 'I wish' and 'if but'.
  8. 'It'southward (high) fourth dimension' and 'It's (about) time'.
  9. Expressing personal preference with 'I'd rather/ I'd sooner'.
  10. Expressing preferences almost other people's deportment.
  11. 'I'd rather.

Grammar

Conditionals, If-sentences, The Subjunctive.

Blazon I
Настоящее время
If-придаточое прдложение (hypothesis) + Presen Tenses Hereafter/Imperatie/can/may/might/must/should + Инфинитив без to
if + любая форма настоящего времени (Present South., Present Cont. or Present Pert.)
If you finish work early, nosotros'll get for a walk.
If the weather is nice, we'll become swimming.
Действия, которые совершаться в настоящем или будущем времени
If you have finished your coffee, we can pay the bill.
If you lot're ill, come across a md! If y'all burn yourself, it hurts.
Blazon II
Не реальные действия для настоящего или будущего
If + Past Simple or By Continuous would/could/might + bare infinitive
If I had coin, I would travel round the world. (only I don't have money - untrue in the nowadays)
If I were a bird, I could fly.
Нереальные, которые не совершатся. Для настоящего или будущего времени.
If I were you, I would take an umbrella, (advice)
Blazon 3
Не реальные действия для прошедшего времени
If + By Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous would/could/might + have + past participle
If we hadn't left and so early on, we would accept missed the plane.
If I had been invited, I would have gone to the political party.
If you had told me before about your issues, I would take helped y'all , but now it's also late. Нереальные, которые не совершились. Для прошедшего времени.
If the weather hadn't been so nasty yesterday, we would non have stayed at domicile all 24-hour interval long.

Expressions

Conditionals are usually introduced past IF; the following expressions can be uses in stead of IF: providing,  provided (that), every bit long equally, in case, on status (that), but for (=without), otherwise, or else, what if, supposing, even if, simply if, unless.

2.1 If only : This adds emphasis to hypothetical situations. With past events information technology adds a sense of regret. The 2nd part of the sentence is often left out.

If only  I had plenty time!

If only  I hadn 't drunkard too much, this wouldn 't take happened!

two.2 Unless and other alternatives

Unless merely if not.  Non all negative IF-sentences can be transformed into unless  sentences.

If he wasn 't told  by Jane, he couldn 't have known .

Unless he was told  by Jane, he couldn 't take known , (can exist changed)

If Mr Smith doesn 't come dorsum , he 'II phone  y'all. (cannot exist inverse)

If 1 situation depends on another, it can be replaced by every bit/and then long as, provided  or simply if .

2.iii Only if combines with other time expressions and is used with by unproblematic

Only later on posting the letter of the alphabet did  I retrieve that I had forgotten to put on a stamp. (inversion)

I'll do  what you say provided the law are not  informed.

2.4 Even if describes how something will happen any the condition.

Fifty-fifty if information technology rains , nosotros'll still get  for a picnic.

2.5 Only for him , I wouldn't take been able to survive. (If he hadn't helped me…)

two.6 Supposing information technology rains, volition you all the same go for a picnic?

two.7 What if  it rains,  will you get for a walk?

two.8 We  can omit "if", when should, were and  had come earlier the subject.

Should, come , tell him to wait for me.

Were you, I would speak to her. known , he would have told usa.

iv. Other tenses in conditional sentences

4.i Going to Going to  can replace volition.

If y'all fall, you  're going to  hurt yourself.

If yous  're going to  make trouble, we '2 call the police.

4.2 Nowadays perfect This can be used to emphasis completion afterward if.

If you' ve finished , then we'll go. It is besides possible in both parts of the sentence.

If I've  told yous  one time, I've told  you lot a hundred times!

iv.iii Dubiety and uncertainty

An boosted not  tin can be added in formal expressions involving dubiety. This emphasizes the dubiousness and does not add together a negative pregnant.

I wouldn 't be surprised if it didn 't rain.  (I think it will pelting.)

four.4 Should

if,  this makes the possibility of an event seem unlikely.

If you should  see Ann, could  you lot ask her to phone call me?

This implies that I do not look you to run across Ann.

4.5 Were to This also makes an event seem more hypothetical.

If I were to ask  you to marry me, what would you say?

4.6 Happen to

This emphasizes gamble possibilities. It is oftentimes used with should.

If you  happen to  meet Helen, could yous ask her to call me?

If you  should happen to be passing,  drib in for a loving cup of tea.

4.vii If information technology were non for/If information technology hadn 't been for

This describes how one upshot depends on another.

If it  weren  't for Jim, this company would be in a mess.

If it  hadn 't  been for  their goalkeeper, United would have lost.

4.8 Volition and would :  politeness and accent These tin can be used as polite forms.

If y'all  will/would await  here, I'll see if Mrs Green is gratuitous.

Will  tin can too exist used for emphasis, meaning 'insist on doing'.

If you will stay out late, no wonder you are tired! (insist on staying)

four.9 If and adjectives

In expressions such as if information technology is necessary/possible  it is possible to omit the verb be. If interested,  apply within.  If necessary,  have a taxi.

4.10  Formally if can mean although ,  usually every bit if + adjective.

The room was well-furnished, if a trivial  badly decorated.

five.ane Subjunctive sentences: SUBJECT + VERB + THAT + SUBJECT +  INF. without to

  John'south mother insisted that he  return  habitation early.

5.two. Subjunctive  обозначает особую группу глагольных временных форм (типа pres . — be ; by  — were for all persons  — для глагола to exist  или infinitive without to  — для других глаголов), используемых для описания событий, которые вряд ли когда-либо будут иметь место, но которые являются предметом наших надежд, мечтаний, желаний.

5.3 The Present Subjunctive

The Present Subjunctive is used after

Verbs

Impersonal expressions

Indicating that one person wants another i to practise something

Propose, social club, need, ask, crave, recommend, command, suggest, insist, propose

It is  necessary, important, proposed, recommended, suggested

He suggested that she become  there. He suggested that they should become there.

It is suggested that she become  there

5.4 Annotation the divergence:

British variant:  I insist that you should leave  without her.

   It is recommended that you should publish  your book.

American variant:   I insist that you leave  without her.

   It is recommended that you publish  your book

5.5 The Past Subjunctive  prefers to employ were  instead of was.

She behaves as if she were  / was a queen.

I wish it were true

6. Present and past reference with 'I wish', 'if only' and 'it'due south (high) time'

(I) wish, if merely. information technology'due south (high) fourth dimension and it'due south (about) fourth dimension,  we 'go i tense dorsum':

1 The past tense refers to the nowadays: I wish I had  a amend watch!  (At present)

2 The by perfect tense refers to the past: If simply yous had asked  me first!  (THEN)

7. Expressing wishes and regrets with 'I wish' and 'if only

7.one We often apply I wish  for things that might (notwithstanding) happen:

I wish I knew  the answer!  (= it's possible I might notice out the respond)

If only  is stronger. We apply information technology to express regret for things that can (now) never happen:

If simply your female parent were  live now!  (Of course, / wish  is besides possible.)

7.2 We may use the simple by of be  afterward wish  and if only

I wish I was  on holiday now.  If only Tessa was  here now!

If we want to be more than formal, we utilize were  in all persons

I wish I were  on vacation at present.  If only Tessa were  here!

7.three We may employ the past perfect of be  for things that can never happen:

I wish I had been  on holiday concluding week.  If only Tessa had been  here yesterday!

7.4 We use the past or past perfect forms of other verbs:

I wish I knew  the respond to your question.

I wish I had known  and then what I know now!

8. 'Would' and 'could' later on 'I wish' and 'if only'

Nosotros must apply could,  not would,  after /and nosotros.  Compare:

I can't swim.                           → I wish I could  swim.

Nosotros weren't together!              → I wish we could take been together

We sometimes use / wish you (he. she.  etc.) would(n't)  like an imperative:

(I am making a lot of dissonance!)  → I wish yous wouldn't brand so much noise!

(He is making a lot of racket!)  → I wish he would be  quiet!

nine. 'It's (high) fourth dimension' and 'It's (about) time'

We apply It's time, Information technology's high fourth dimension  and information technology'southward about time  to limited present or future wishes, or to express our impatience about things that haven't happened nonetheless:

Kim can't fifty-fifty boil an egg. - I know.

It'southward time/high time/near time she learnt to cook!

10. Expressing personal preference with 'I'd rather/ I'd sooner'

We utilise would rather and would sooner to limited preference.

We can refer to the present or the future:

I'd rather/I'd sooner exist a builder than an architect.

Or nosotros can refer to the past:

If I could cull once more, I'd rather/sooner accept been  a builder than an architect.

xi. Expressing preferences about other people's actions

11.one We can refer to other people afterwards I'd rather or I'd sooner.

I'd rather go out  on an before train.  (= I'1000 referring to myself)

I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. ( I want him to get out)

11.ii We use the past tense form afterwards I'd rather to  refer to the present or future.

I'd rather be  happy.  I'd rather non sit next to her. (=  for myself)

I'd rather she were/was  happy. (= now)

I'd rather she didn't sit  next to me. (= now)

11.three We use the past perfect form after I'd rather to  refer to past time.

I'd rather have been  present. (=  so - I'k referring to myself)

I'd rather yous had been  present,  (then)

I'd rather yous hadn't told me  almost it.  (so)

12. 'I'd rather he didn't'

We generally omit the principal part of the verb in short responses:

12.1 negative responses:

Frank is going to buy  a motorbike. - I'd rather  he didn't.

I′ve told  everyone about information technology.   - I'd rather  you hadn't.

12.2 affirmative responses:

Frank won't surrender  his present job. - I'd rather  he did.

I haven't told  anyone about it. - I'd rather  you had.

12.iii Nosotros do not have to repeat the main verb in a complete sentence:

You lot always go  without me and I'd rather  yous didn't.

Vocabulary

Ecology and environment. Bug of large cities.

Written report the of import vocabulary:

1. The weather:

Common cold conditions: the dank days of fall, cold days of wintertime, frosts, icy roads, sleet rain and snow, astringent blizzards, snowdrifts, freezing weather condition, the basis thaws, water ice melts.

Warm/hot weather: close, stifling, boiling, scorching, boiling, mild, heatwave

Wet weather: clammy, drizzle, shower, pour down / downpour, storm, thunderstorm, torrential pelting, flood; brume/hazy, mist/misty, fog/foggy, smog

Wind: gentle breeze, expert current of air, blustery day, gale alarm, hurricane

2. The Natural World:

Animals: species, reptile, dinosaur, bird, fish, gills, mammal, nest, wing, tail, claws, paw, hoof; Flowers and copse: pollen, leaves, branch, body, roots, bark; Names of trees: oak, fir, evergreen pine, birch; Verbs: to flower/blossom, extinct, hibernate, thrive, choice flowers, plant, fertilize, harvest crops.

3. The environment:

Brook, stream, river; hillock, hill, mountain; cove, bay, gulf; copse, forest, woods;   pool, swimming, lake; footpath, lane, route

Where country meets sea: coast, shore, beach, estuary, cliff, greatcoat,  peninsula;

Words continued with rivers: source, tributary, waterfall, mouth, valley, gorge; Words connected with mountains:  foot, ridge, tiptop, height, glacier;

4. Environmental problems:

air, river and sea pollution; overfishing, the greenhouse outcome, the devastation of the ozone layer, the destruction of the rainforests, battery farming, waste disposal, rubbish, re-cycling

Nosotros should:  avoid spray cans, practice organic farming, use unleaded petrol, recycle newspaper and bottle banks

Problems: overpopulation, unemployment , famine, ignorance, diseases

Раздел: Задания для самостоятельной работы

Grammar

ane. I finished digging in one-half an hour just I felt as if I ____ for hours.

  1. worked
  2. had worked
  3. work
  4. have worked

2. It's  time nosotros ____ our parents. We ____ them for ____ long time.

  1. visited, haven't visited, such
  2. have visited, didn't see, so
  3. had visited, hadn't seen, a very
  4. visited, haven't seen, such a

3. If I had known that he needed money, I ____ him some. I had ____ dollars to spare.

  1. would have borrowed, some
  2. might give, few
  3. would give, a little
  4. would have lent, a few

4. His gesture ____ impatience. He looked as if he ____ for hours.

  1. indicated, is waiting
  2. offered, had waited
  3. suggested, had been waiting
  4. showed, waited

5. He had written his address down the last morning, she remembered, and said that if she ____ to Paris he ____ happy to meet her again.

  1. had ever come up, will experience
  2. comes, will be
  3. would come, may exist
  4. ever came, would be

6. Minnie had a souvenir for mathematics and probably could get ____ didactics in the department if she ____ it upon graduation.

  1. a chore, wanted
  2. work, will take wanted
  3. job, wished
  4. a position, wants

7. He stood stiff and impotent with acrimony. She stared into the mirror as if he ____.

  1. doesn't exist
  2. didn't be
  3. hadn't existed
  4.  won't exist

8. If only nosotros ____ a phone! I'one thousand tired of queueing exterior the public telephone box.

  1. had had
  2. had
  3. have had
  4. can have

nine. He said that if the war ____ he would have to leave the country at once.

  1. breaks out
  2. broken out
  3. bankrupt out
  4. will interruption out

10. Then he said: "If this man ____, the whole dirty story will come out, and I don't want it ____ ."

  1. volition be arrested, come out
  2. is arrested, to come out
  3. will arrest, coming out
  4. is existence arrested, to come out

11. "In that location are ____ institutions, of class, simply it'south not very piece of cake to go into them unless you lot ____ influential friends."

  1. charitable, haven't got
  2. charity's, take got
  3. charity, don't have
  4. charity, have

12. "If nothing ____ , said she, beaming at them, we shall be back in England for ____ Christmas."

  1. will happen, -
  2. happened, a
  3. happens, -
  4. volition have happened, the

thirteen. At ____ dawn she looked weak and pale, as though she ____ up all night.

  1. - , had been
  2. the, were
  3. a, was
  4. - , has been

xiv. They all acted as if they ____ at a family reunion, as if they ____ each other in years.

  1. had been, didn't see
  2. were, hadn't seen
  3. were, haven't seen
  4. have been, hadn't seen

15. I realized that if they ____ their heads, they ____ my pale face looking at them over the pile of suitcases.

  1. had turned, can see
  2. turned, would exist able to see
  3. volition turn, volition run across
  4. have turned, would see

16. "I have some work that ____ exist finished before I ____ on my holiday."

  1. would, will go away
  2. ought, am away
  3. should, will get away
  4. must, get away

17. If Martin ____ her ____ that mode he ____ have taken offence.

  1. hears, speaking, tin
  2. had heard, speak, would
  3. heard, to speak, might
  4. had heard, speak, must

18. They took care of her as though they ____ her parents.

  1. are
  2. were
  3. had been
  4. take been

19. I ____ to help if I ____ I would be whatever utilize.

  1. would suggest, idea
  2. volition propose, could have thought
  3. might suggest, could recollect
  4. would offer, thought

twenty. Information technology was long ____ I had last seen her and if someone had not mentioned her proper name I ____ her.

  1. since, mustn't take recognized
  2. from, shouldn't recognize
  3. since, wouldn't have recognized
  4. while, couldn't have recognized

21. It's high time you lot ____ in ____ bed too, my kid.

  1. are, -
  2. must be, the
  3. were, -
  4. should be, a

22. If I hadn't been there something very unpleasant ____ to him.

  1. could happen
  2. might accept happened
  3. was to happen
  4. must have happened

23. If he ____ at once he might have saved u.s. a lot of trouble.

  1. were sent for
  2. is sent for
  3. had been sent for
  4. will be sent for

24. I could not imagine ____ wishing to spend three months in that location; unless it ____ somebody who wanted to hibernate.

  1. none, was
  2. someone, was not
  3. people, were non
  4. anyone, was

25. He looked at me as if he ____ what they had on their minds.

  1. is wondering
  2. has been wondering
  3. were wondering
  4. had been wondered

26. I wished that Thomas ____ me there.

  1. has not brought
  2. had not brought
  3. does not bring
  4. was not brought

27. "Only nosotros ____ in briefing for ii hours," he said. "It's loftier time ____ a tea break."

  1. are, having had
  2. were, we accept
  3. have been existence, to accept
  4. accept been, we had

28. If John ____ to see a dentist, let him ____ toothache.

  1. is refusing, to suffer
  2. refuses, endure
  3. refused, suffering
  4. will decline, suffering

29. "You had better ____ home. You're likely to get into trouble if you ____ here."

  1. go, stay
  2. to get, have stayed
  3. bustle, volition stay
  4. to hurry, are staying

30. If we ____ waterproof coats it ____ pleasant enough to drive in that spring rain.

  1. had had, would take been
  2. have had, would be
  3. shall have, is
  4. are having, will be

31. He wondered a little ruefully only what Dad ____ if he ____ about his relations with Jan.

  1. would say, knew
  2. might say, had known
  3. would have said, learns
  4. should say, has learned

32. And then he saw that Doreen ____ , and he felt every bit though someone ____ him in the breadbasket.

  1. was crying, has kicked
  2. had been cried, kicked
  3. had been crying, had kicked
  4. cried, had been kicked

33. She scarcely seemed ____ what they were proverb. Information technology was as though information technology ____ her.

  1. hearing, did not concern
  2. to hear, did non business
  3. listening, was non apropos
  4. to sympathize, had not concerned

34. She remembered equally though it ____ just yesterday the offset time she ____ them.

  1. were, was meeting
  2. was, has met
  3. has been, met
  4. had been, had met

i) will be, are ... discussing

2) were, were ... discussing

3) has been, would ... talk over

4) was, will... discuss

36. If you    away with him, go at once, but don't ask me   him.

1) will go, to meet

2) will be going, to have met

3) are going, to meet

4) have gone, to exist meeting

37. I'm not a poet. Merely if I   poems I   dedicate them to you.

1) would, will

2) can, shall

3) could, would

4) can, would

38. If I   y'all then, what   y'all take done?

ane) didn't assist, would

2) hadn't helped, would

3) didn't, will

4) haven't helped, will

39. I wish I       poet to describe it to y'all.

one) were, a

2) am, a

3) had been, the

4) was, the

40. I'm tired. Information technology's loftier time you   and me in peace.

1) get, get out

2) take gone, have left

three) would have gone, get out

4) went, left

41. Why  that pie last dark? I wish I   that pie concluding night.

1) did I eat, had eaten

2) did I eat, hadn't eaten

3) accept I eaten, hadn't eaten

four) did I swallow, didn't eat

42. If she   he was going to be aroused about it, she   that.

1) knew, won't do

ii) knows, wouldn't exercise

3) had known, wouldn't have done

iv) would know, have done

43. Y'all wouldn't be so tired today if you lot   to bed when I told you lot to. Something should be done to help you.

44. If you lot     your medicine yesterday, you   today.

1) had taken, would be well

2) took, would be better

3) take, will be good

iv) take taken, would have been well

45. If he   such bad writing, I   these letters.

one) didn't accept, can have read

2) didn't have, could read

3) hadn't had, can read

4) didn't take, could have read

46. Why didn't I ask her out? If but I   her out! Everything   .

1) ask, will change

2) asked, would alter

3) had asked, would have inverse

4) would ask, had changed

47. If I    overseas instead of him, I   something and   somebody.

1) would get, earnt, were

2) would have gone, have learnt, been

3) had gone, might have learnt, been

four) went, may learn, be

48. If she   with him at this moment, the doubtfulness and loneliness   evaporate. But he was alone.

i) was, volition

2) were, would

3) take been, would

iv) had been, would have

52. I shall go there provided you   to accompany me. Information technology's high time you ____  rything.

1) would consent, are knowing

ii) will consent, accept known

3) would accept consented, know

4) consent, knew

53. If he   your remark, he     offence. And what's more, I've just told y'all that talking mends no holes.

one) had heard, would take

2) heard, would take

3) have heard, would have taken

4) had heard, would have taken

54. He speaks as if he   the subject very well.

ane) had known

two) is knowing

3) has known

4) knew

1) were, would have checked

2) were, would check

iii) am, volition cheque

4) had been, would check

56. If I a spare ticket tonight I  you to the concert.

1) volition take, will take

2) had, would have

iii) will accept had, can take

4) had had, could have

57. If the snake bite   poisonous, you lot   very bad at present.

i) was, volition feel

2) had been, are feeling

iii) were, would have felt

4) had been, would feel

58. If she      some lessons, she   her functioning.

1) can have, might improve

2) could have, might improve

3) could have had, may improve

four) could have, might to improve

i) will turn abroad, existence

ii) volition be turning from, have been

3) turn down, be

4) have turned against, to be

1) If had he been, would have accompanied, might not take identify

2) Had he been, would have accompanied, might non have taken place

3) Had he been, would accompany, might not have taken place

4) If he had been, would accompany, might not accept identify

61. If they   hither, I   so glad, as they  everything to me.

1) would be, were, would explicate

2) were, should exist, explained

3) would be, were, explained

4) were, should be, would explain

62. If that you   he  very glad.

1) I had told him, would come, would take been

2) had I told him, would come, had been

three) I told him, would have come, would have been

4) I should tell him, would come, had been

63. If you us then, all the differences might .

64. If you Dr. Smith earlier, yous sick now.

1) consult, will exist

ii) didn't consult, can exist

3) had consulted, wouldn't be

4) have consulted, won't exist

65. If we the question at that meeting, our demands .

one) had raised, would have been met

2) raised, would meet

three) rise, would be met

4) accept raised, won't be met

66. If it nighttime, we our manner.

ane) is, would take lost

2) hadn' t been, might not have lost

3) wasn't, can accept lost

iv) were, volition lose

67. I wish you rude remarks virtually me.

ii) are not making

3) wouldn't make

4) hadn't fabricated

68. He looked at his sister as if he anything like her.

1) didn't always seen

2) has never seen

iii) can't encounter

4) had never seen

69. The exams . It'due south time we down to piece of work.

1) are coming, got

2) come, go

iii) will come, are getting

4) accept come, are

70. I wish more people in the office your sense of humour, Jack.

one) take

two) can accept

3) will have

4) had


Vocabulary

i. Find the correct word.

  1. During the storm, the climbers sheltered in a cave/cliff/valley.
  2. The fields were flooded after the river burst its banks/edges/sides.
  3. In the center of the square in that location is an old fountain/source/tap.
  4. Later the rain the street was total of floods/lakes/puddles.
  5. A small river/stream/torrent  runs beyond the lesser of our garden.
  6. You must carry a lot of h2o when you cantankerous the desert/plain/sand.
  7. From the peak/summit/top  of the hill you tin can see the body of water.
  8. It was difficult to swim because the waters/waves/tides  were so high.
  9. I think information technology'south going to rain. Information technology'south very overcast/clouding/cloudy.
  10.  The church caught burn when it was struck past hurricane/lightning/thunder.

2. Choose the right variant:

i. Many people are interested in watching............

1) wildlife    2) wilds    iii) wilderness

2.The dog.........its tail furiously when it saw the children.

one) shook    2) wagged    three) moved

three. A large.........of the tree bankrupt off in the storm.

1) trunk    2) bark    3) branch

four. The children enjoyed rolling down the grassy............

1) mount    2) cliff   three) slope

5. There was field later field of gilded..........waving in the wind.

1) corn    2) bushes    three) herbs

6. You have to sleep under a net to avoid existence bitten by...........

1) lobsters   2) cockroaches    3) mosquitoes

7. Before railways were built, many goods were carried on..........

1) channels    two) canals    3) river.

8. Some wild animals will become.........if they go used to people.

1) tame    2) organised    three) petty

3. Put the right word in each infinite:

  1. We collect beloved from our own bee.....................
  2. At that place'due south a rabbit....................in the corner of this field.
  3. There'south a drinking....................on the other side of the park.
  4. The hill....................was covered in beautiful wild flowers.
  5. What's the weather....................for tomorrow?
  6. You can come across the mountain....................amongst the clouds in the altitude.

4. Cull the correct respond:

  1. In that location has been another increase/ascension  in the amount of crime.
  2. The train was in accident/standoff  with a coach on a level crossing.
  3. Many people were injured when the edifice demolished/collapsed.
  4. No ships are sailing today considering of the loftier/storm  winds.
  5. The government has announced plans to help the poor/poverty.
  6. Everyone agrees that the environment/nature  must be protected.
  7. At that place are few jobs hither and many people are away from work/unemployed.
  8. The driver of the bus admitted that he had done/made  an error.
  9. There was a large demonstration/manifestation  against nuclear power.

5. Put the correct word in each space:

  1. Nutrient has been sent to areas in Africa suffering from........................
  2. Many people live in overcrowded.......................on the edge of the city.
  3. The price of.......................has risen steadily this year.
  4. Thousands of buildings savage downward during a astringent........................
  5. The eruption of the volcano was a terrible........................
  6. Hundreds of people were drowned during the.......................in China.
  7. Big cities face the trouble of what to do with household........................
  8. Doctors announced that in that location was now a cure for the........................

TEXT

Radar

On May seventh, 1915, during the First World War (1914-1918), a large British rider send, the Lusitania, was sailing in perfect conditions from America to England, with 2 grand people on board. Suddenly, at about half past two in the afternoon, there were two fearful explosions. The ship shook from end to terminate, and many people were thrown off their feet. A German submarine had fired at the Lusitania and blown two holes in her bottom. The sea rushed into her engine-rooms, and virtually immediately the send began to sink.

She sank in merely twenty minutes; and nearly m people lost their lives.

The captain could non see the submarine that attacked his ship, and he had no instrument to show him the danger. At present the danger of surprise attacks against ships and collisions with icebergs is profoundly reduced by radar. This radio musical instrument finds the position and distance of objects which the homo eye may not be able to see; it also records the direction and speed of moving objects, such every bit ships and aeroplanes. Radar can choice out objects more than a hundred miles away in the worst weather atmospheric condition, when we tin see perhaps no farther than a hundred yards.

Radar works in this way. Powerful transmitters send out a stream of radio-waves, chosen "pulses", at the rate of peradventure yard every 2nd. These pulses shoot through the air at a speed of one hundred and eighty-six grand miles a 2d till they striking an object, perhaps a ship, an aeroplane, an iceberg or a hill. These pulses cannot go through the object; and then they immediately shoot dorsum at the same speed, in the opposite management, and hitting the aerial of the radar. The moment this happens, a spot or line of lite appears on the radar screen, showing the position and distance of the object.

Today radar is used for many peaceful purposes all over the globe. Mod ships of all nations conduct radar to help them sail in bad weather, when information technology is possible to run across for a distance of perhaps simply a few hundred yards. In the past, the captain usually had to anchor his ship at such times and wait for atmospheric condition to improve. But today a ship with radar can sail in nigh whatever weather conditions, with no danger of an accident.

Radar also helps to guide aeroplanes beyond the globe. Radio signals called beams are transmitted into the sky from land radio stations at a number of points along their class. The pilots can hear these signals on their radio and come across them on their radar screen. The beams arg like sign-posts in the sky. A airplane pilot guides his plane towards 1 beam, and so flies on to the next beam. At the stop of his journey, he will land his aeroplane with the assist of radar.

Trained men at the airport picket the aeroplane on their radar screen and tell the pilot by radio the course to follow, they tell him when and by how much to reduce peak, and give any other orders that may exist necessary.

(Word count 539)

Reply the questions to text

i. The Lusitania was wrecked because

1) she was overloaded with ii thousand people aboard

2) of the fearful explosion of some substance she carried on board

three) she got sudden gaps in her bottom

4) she carried out military operations during the Outset World War

ii. Which of the following observations reflects the main idea of the text all-time of all?

1) Radar is i of the vitally important discoveries of the 20th century

2) Radar could have prevented the catastrophy of the Lusitania

3) To be able to employ radar one should know in detail how it works

4) Radar is widely used in aviation and sailing

three. Radar is very helpful in

one) forecasting conditions conditions.

ii) hitting various objects, such equally ships, aeroplanes, icebergs, hills.

3) recording the direction and speed of moving objects over a hundred miles away.

4) sending out radio-waves to transmit information.

4. Which of the following statements is not true?

i) At present the danger of surprise attacks confronting ships is eliminated by radar.

2) Before the invention of radar sailing must accept taken a longer time than now.

3) Ships all over the world began to deport radar non before the invention of the

radio.

iv) Radar is used for spotting afar objects.

5. It follows from the text that

1) the passengers of the Lusitania died in the accident.

ii) radar is used merely in bad weather condition weather condition, when we can see perchance no

farther than a hundred yards.

iii) the radar upshot would be impossible if the pulses were not reflected by the

target objects.

4) anyone can guide aeroplanes with the help of radar.


Раздел: Задания для самостоятельной работы

ТЕСТ

I. Выберите единственный правильный вариант из предложенных для заполнения пропуска.

1. The chairman proposed that the matter  _____  at the adjacent meeting.

1) be decided

2) should decide

3) to be decided

iv) volition be decided

ii. If you lot  _____  this volume you  _____  to supplant it.

1) volition lose, will have

2) lose, volition have

iii) had lost, must

four) volition lose, volition need

3. Nosotros insist that a meeting _____ as soon as possible.

ane) to be held

2) should exist held

3) will be held

iv) to hold

iv. If Alison ____ another one-half hour'southward work, she ____ it by the fourth dimension the children get home.

1) has done; finished

two) would do; would have finished

3) does; will have finished

4) did; finishes

5. If you  _____  more than than 10 books we  _____  the toll of each book by 10%.

1) buy, will reduce

2) will purchase, reduce

3) will buy, volition reduce

iv) accept bought, reduced

6. Alison was very surprised and recommended that we ____ all the papers carefully.

1) volition cheque

2) are checking

three) might bank check

four) should check

7. If I ____ a pay rise, I'k going to buy a new motorcar.

1) will go

2) got

3) get

4) would get

8. Mary-Ann recommended that I _____ careful, and warned non to open up the door without request who information technology was.

one) need to exist

2) was to be

three) volition be

iv) be

9. I was a trifle taken aback, for my cousin spoke as though he _____ me earlier and I was afraid my friends would retrieve so.

1) never saw

two) has been seen

3) would accept never seen

4) had never seen

10. Henry took her hand and said, looking in her eyes: "I'd rather you ____ anyone virtually  our chat."

i) tell

2) won't tell

3) didn't tell

4) don't tell

11. I wish you ____ me earlier that you can't come to dinner tonight.

1) tell

2) told

three) had told

four) had been told

12. The children rose  _____  after the poor meal, as if they  _____  at all.

i) hungry, did non swallow

2) hungrily, had not eaten

3) feeling hungry, have not eaten

4) hungry, had not eaten

13. "It's high time you lot ____ to look after yourself," Alison demanded.

i) learned

2) learn

three) had learned

4) take learned

14. Information technology's time that team ____ a match. They oasis't won a friction match for ages.

i) has won

2) wins

3) won

4) will win

15. I was every bit awkward and shy with her as if I  _____  poor Henry.

one) had wounded

2) wounded

three) were wounded

4) had been wounded

Рекомендуемая литература

  1. English Grammat in Use, Raymond Murphy, Cambridge Academy Press, 1997

(pp 74-81)

  1. Advanced Grammar in Use, Martin Hewings, Cambridge University Printing, 2000

( рр  198-207)

  1. Tests, Texts and Topics for your English Exams, Ю . Б . Кузьменкова , Издательство " Титул », 2002 (pp 55-57)
  2. The Heinemann English Grammer, Digby Beaumont and Colin Granger, Heintmann, 1992 ( рр  111-120)
  3. Revising, Reading and Reasoning for your English Exams, Ю . Б . Кузьменкова , А . Р . Жаворонкова , И . В . Извольская , Издательство " Титул », 2002 (pp 71-76)

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